Proceedings of

the First (1990) Pacific/Asia

OFFSHORE MECHANICS

SYMPOSIUM

Volume I, 1990

______________________________________________________________

Asian Offshore Petroleum and Construction

Offshore and Marine Technology,

Wave Energy and Power Generation

Antarctica and Polar Technology

edited by

Jin S. Chung

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA

Kenji Kaneko

Saga University, Saga, Japan

presented at:

The First (1990) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium

Seoul, Korea, June 24-28, 1990

organized by:

The PACOMS '90 Symposium Organizing Committee

sponsored by:

Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering (KCORE)

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)

Offshore Mechanics and Polar Engineering Council (OMPEC)

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers

P.O. Box 1107 Golden, Colorado 80402-1107
　

Copyright © 1990 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,

Golden, Colorado, USA, All Rights Reserved.

International Standard Book Number (Vol. I):                     ISBN 0-9626104-1-0

ISBN 0-9626104-0-2 (set)

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:                      90-082039

The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or

presentations by the contributors to this symposium or proceedings.

Special Acknowledgements

The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, The Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, and The Korea

Traders Scholarship Foundation funded part of the expenses to publish these proceedings. The PACOMS '90 Symposium

Organizing Committee would like to express its sincerest gratitude to the foundations.

Printed and bound in Korea

Proceedings of

The FIRST (1990) PACIFIC/ASIA

OFFSHORE MECHANICS SYMPOSIUM

Volume I.

OFFSHORE ASIA OUTLOOK IN EARLY 90'S

ANTARCTIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT

OFFSHORE SYSTEMS

WAVE ENERGY

PILE & FOUNDATION

RISER MECHANICS & MOORING

PIPELINES

Volume II.

HYDRODYNAMICS: Nonlinear Waves

HYDRODYNAMICS: Forces

HYDRODYNAMICS: Nonlinear Effects

HYDRODYNAMICS: Vortex & Vibrations

HYDRODYNAMICS: Motions & Chaos

ICE-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS

Volume III.

FATIGUE & FRACTURE

MATERIALS/TECHNOLOGY

MECHANICS & APPLICATIONS

CONTENTS

OFFSHORE ASIA OUTLOOK IN EARLY 90’S

      Offshore Petroleum Outlook - Australia ................................................................................. 1
            I. Fraser

      Offshore Exploration and Development in Thailand ............................................................. 11
            M. Mrigadat

      Offshore Outlook in India in Nineties .................................................................................... 17
            P. K. Kulkarni

      Offshore Techlology: Globalization and Technology Transfer .............................................. 25
            Jin S. Chung

ANTARCTIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT

Engineering: An Essential Means for Conserving Antarctica
and Achieving Cost-Effective Built Infrastructure ................................................................. 29
      H. F. Rohde

      The Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities ...................... 39
A. L. Inderbitzen

      Wind Loads on and Snowdrift around Antarctic Buildings .................................................... 45
D. H. Kim, K. C. S. Kwok, and H. F. Rohde

      Protecting the Antarctic Environment by Limiting Human Presence
      and Activities: The Case for a World Park ............................................................................. 51
            K. Rigg, A. Hemmings, and M. Mathias

      Study on Prediction of Snowdrifts around Buildings in Antarctica ........................................ 59
      H. Mitsuhashi

The Benefit and Use of Phase Change Thermal Storage in Buildings
in the Antarctic Environment ................................................................................................ 65
      I. Rieck and W. Radford

OFFSHORE SYSTEMS

Simulation of Dynamic Loads at Gear Shafts, in Automatic Control Systems
for Equipment Testing Purposes ............................................................................................ 73
      V. L. Kudriavtsev

      Offshore Platforms in Indonesia ............................................................................................ 77
D. Harsokoesoemo, S. S. Brodjonegoro, and P. Prawirowijoto

Berthing of Surface Vessels to a Jetty ................................................................................... 85
T. M. Oh, D. J. Yum, and B. K. Yu

A New Non-Pile Multiwell Platform ...................................................................................... 97
Q. J. Wang

      The Development of Oil/Gas Resources of Tidal Zone in China ......................................... 103
Z. Z. Xing and X. Y. Gu

      Template Stabilities of Joia TLP during Earthquakes and Waves ....................................... 111
N. Mori, H. Kobayashi, Y. Iida, and T. Kawanishi

      Experiment and Analysis of Jacket Offshore Platforms ...................................................... 117
Z. R. Cai and K. Z. Peng

      Offshore Structural Systems by Using Hyperboloidal Bodies of One Sheet ........................ 121
O. Saijo

      Structural Analysis of a 80,000 Ton Oil Production and Storage Vessel ............................. 129
R. Li, X. Xiao, Y. Gu, and X. Wang

Study on Generation of Upwelling with Artificial Ridges "Super Ridges"
Made of Hardened Coal Ash Blocks .................................................................................... 135
      M. Oki, T. Suzuki, M. Kusabuka, T. Sugihara, and Y. Kasai

      Major Principle to Develop Offshore Bottom ROV's............................................................ 141
      Y. V. Ivanov and S. Y. Karev

WAVE ENERGY

      The Progress of Wave Power Generator in Japan................................................................ 147
Y. Masuda

Development of the Wave-Valve Energy-Concentrated Wave Energy
Conversion System ............................................................................................................... 155
      K. Watanabe, H. Nakagawa, and S. Kikuchi

      Progress on Pendulor-Type Wave Energy Converting Device ............................................ 161
T. Watabe and H. Kondo

      The Development of the Heat Recovery System Using Wave Power ................................. 171
K. Nakatsuka, T. Hanamura, and N. Tahara

Improvement of Wave Power Generator System for Navigational Buoy
and Other Use ...................................................................................................................... 179
      Y. Masuda

Improvement of Aerodynamic Performance of Savonius Turbine....................................... 185
      A. Takaku and K. Ohmata

A Study of Turbine for Wave Power Generation................................................................... 193
      J. Fukutomi and Y. Nakase

Biplane Axial Turbine for Wave Power Generator ............................................................. 199
      K. Kaneko, T. Setoguchi, H. Hamakawa, and M. Inoue

Some Techniques to Improve the Performance of Biplane Wells Turbine
for Wave Power Generator ................................................................................................. 207
      T. Setoguchi, K. Kaneko, E. Matsuki, H. Hamakawa, and M. Inoue

On New Wave Energy Converter Using an Unbalanced Rotor
(2nd Report, Simulation by Actual Size Numerical Model) ................................................. 213
      Y. Araki, Y. Jinnouchi, J. Inoue, S. Ohishi, S. Nakatsuka, and A. Awa

Study of Hydrodynamic Behavior of Wave Power Absorbing Caisson.................................. 219
      Z. Xing and Q. XU

Wind and Ice Effects on Dams of Tidal Power Stations in the Okhotsk Sea ....................... 227
      L. P. Yakunin

A Study on the Control of Hydrodynamic Forces for Wave Energy
Conversion Device ............................................................................................................... 233
      S. G. Kim and R. S. Park

Fish Meat Improving System Powerd by a Wave Energy Pump ......................................... 241
      K. Kawaguty, M. Tsuchimoto, and H. Ueki

Performance Analysis of an OTEC Plant Using an Integrated Hybrid Cycle ....................... 247
      H. Uehara, A. Miyara, and T. Nakaoka

PILE & FOUNDATION

      Dynamic Behaviour of Pile Group - Soil System .................................................................. 255
N. G. Khrapaty, A. T. Bekker, and L. V. Kim

      Analysis of Axial Response of Piles Founded in Calcareous Soils ........................................ 263
J. P. Carter, L. H. Ooi, and C. F. Boey

      Investigation of the Interface Response of Piles in Calcareous Soil ................................... 271
D. W. Airey, T. M. Koh, and C. Y. Mac

On the Influence of Pile Soil System on the Dynamic Response of
Offshore Platforms .............................................................................................................. 279
      V. G. Idichandy and C. Ganapathy

Dynamic Response of Offshore Structures with Uncertain Parameters ............................. 287
      K. Kawano, K. Venkataramana, Y. Yamada, and H. Iemura

Nonlinear Pile-Soil Interaction of Offshore Structures......................................................... 295
      A. T. Bekker and L. V. Kim

RISER MECHANICS AND MOORING

The Shape-Effect of Buffer on the Longitudinal Vibration of a Pipe-String
in the Deep Sea .................................................................................................................... 301
      K. Aso, K. Kan, H. Doki, and M. Mod

Performance Evaluation of the Newly Designed Marine Riser Connection ....................... 309
      T. Mimaki, M. Ogasawara, and F. Kohyama

Verification Studies of Flexible Riser Hydrodynamic Analysis Software ............................. 317
      F. B. Seyed, M. H. Patel, and G. J. Lyons

Static Equilibrium of Marine Cables by a Variational Method............................................. 329
      S. Chucheepsakul and T. Huang

On the Dynamic Analysis of Cables for ROV Implementation.............................................. 335
      W. S. Yi and K. N. Cho

Dynamic Analysis of Cable with Intermediate Submerged Buoys
for Offshore Applications (II) ............................................................................................... 341
      H. Shin

Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of Ocean Cable-Body System ................................. 347
      K. Q. Zhu and W. Y. Li

PIPELINES

Construction of Transmission and Field Pipelines in Severe Environmental
Conditions in the USSR ......................................................................................................... 353
      R. M. Shakirov

Durability Assessment of Pipeline Structural Members in Terms of
Acting Loads ......................................................................................................................... 361
      V. Chaburkin and N. Klykov

A System Analysis for Maximising Crude Throughput in a Two Phase
Pipeline Flow ........................................................................................................................ 369
      A. Bhattacharya and R. Singh

Dynamic Effects on Offshore Pipelines due to Barge Motion
during Davit Lifting .............................................................................................................. 377
      S. J. Lim, J. I. Park, and S. P. Chang

Scour around Marine Pipeline Resting on a Bed of Shell Fragments ................................. 385
      A. A. Ibrahim and F. J. Sidek

Experimental Study on Pipeline-Laying Construction Techniques
in Shallow Offshore Waters ................................................................................................. 393
      M. Kamyshev

Influence of Grounded Ice Hummocks on Pipelines ............................................................ 401
      A. M. Polomoshnov, P. A. Truskov, and L. P. Yakunin

Proceedings of

the First (1990) Pacific/Asia

OFFSHORE MECHANICS

SYMPOSIUM

Volume II, 1990

______________________________________________________________

Offshore Mechanics:

Hydrodynamics

Ice-Structure Interactions

edited by

Jin S. Chung

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA

Michael Isaacson

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

presented at:

The First (1990) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium

Seoul, Korea, June 24-28, 1990

organized by:

The PACOMS '90 Symposium Organizing Committee

sponsored by:

Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering (KCORE)

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)

Offshore Mechanics and Polar Engineering Council (OMPEC)

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers

P.O. Box 1107 Golden, Colorado 80402-1107
　

Copyright © 1990 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,

Golden, Colorado, USA, All Rights Reserved.

International Standard Book Number (Vol. I)                      ISBN 0-9626104-2-9

ISBN 0-9626104-0-2 (set)

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:                      90-082039

The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or

presentations by the contributors to this symposium or proceedings.

Special Acknowledgements

The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, The Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, and The Korea

Traders Scholarship Foundation funded part of the expenses to publish these proceedings. The PACOMS '90 Symposium

Organizing Committee would like to express its sincerest gratitude to the foundations.

Printed and bound in Korea

CONTENTS

HYDRODYNAMICS:  Nonlinear Waves

The Condition at Infinity for Second Order Wave Diffraction ................................................ 1
      B. Li and Y. Lu

On a Time Domain Analysis for Nonlinear Shallow Water Waves ......................................... 9
      F. Ohtsuka, K. Masuda, and T. Nishimura

Infinite Elements for Diffraction and Radiation Problems of Water Waves ........................ 17
      W. S. Park and C. B. Yun

Generation and Horizontal Particle Velocity of Nonlinear Shallow
Water Waves ......................................................................................................................... 25
      D. H. Qiu, Y. X. Yu, and B. Xiao

Treatment of Ship Waves Near Cusp Point ........................................................................... 33
      J. S. Lim and Y. K. Chung

On Measurements of the Water-Particle Velocity under Breaking Waves
over the Horizontal Step in a Laboratory Tank ..................................................................... 37
      T. Nakagawa

Diffraction of Water Waves by Surface Piercing Vertical Circular Cylinders ...................... 45
      S. Neelamani and V. Sundar

A Statistical Method of Estimation of Extreme Sea Level ..................................................... 55
      S. H. Kwon, T. I. Lee, and Y.K. Chon

Open Channel Effects in a Mathematical Model and Modification of Harbor .................... 61
      J. W. Lee

HYDRODYNAMICS:  Forces

Some Recent Research on Random Wave Forces ................................................................. 71
      M. Isaacson

Wave Forces Acting on a Horizontal Circular Cylinder
Moving at a Constant Speed .................................................................................................. 79
      Y. Ikeda, K. Otsuka, and T. Kiku

Experimental Study on Unsteady Lift of Oscillating Wings ................................................... 87
      Y. Kyozuka, T. Hori, and W. Koterayama

Radiation and Diffraction Forces Acting on an Offshore-Structure Model
in a Towing Tank .................................................................................................................... 95
      M. Kashiwagi

Hydrodynamic Forces on Free Spanning Pipeline Near a Wavy Boundary
in Steady Flow ...................................................................................................................... 103
      E. Xuequan, J. Li, and L. Guocan

Matching Technique Prediction for Induced Forces on a Vertical Cylinder ....................... 111
      S. M. Calisal and J. Mikkelsen

Variability of Plunging Wave Pressures on Vertical Cylinders ............................................ 119
      E. S. Chan, B. C. Tan, and H. F. Cheong

Random Wave and Current Force on Vertical Circular Cylinder ........................................ 127
      Y. C. Li and Z. F. Ye

The Wave-Current Force Coefficients on Inclined Circular Cylinder
and a New Estimation Method ............................................................................................ 133
      B. Teng and Y. C. Li

HYDRODYNAMICS:  Nonlinear Effects

Effect of Forward Speed and Wave Interaction on Hydrodynamic Forces
on Marine Structures ........................................................................................................... 139
      M.Ohkusu

The Lateral Wave Drifting Forces on Swath Ship
with Weak Scatterer Assumption ........................................................................................ 145
      M. C. Fang

Second-Order Diffraction Forces on Floating Bodies in Regular Waves ............................ 153
      T. Matsui, T. Suzuki, and Y. Sakoh

A Study on the Drift Forces Acting on a Ship with a Moon Pool ......................................... 163
      S. Y. Hong and D. C. Hong

Statistical Analysis of Slow Drift Forces in Random Seas .................................................... 169
      C. H. Kim and Y. S. Boo

Statistical Analysis of Wave Drift Response in Short-Crested Random Seas ...................... 179
      A. Naess

Slow Drift Oscillation of Semi-Submersibles and Dynamic Tensions of
Mooring Lines ...................................................................................................................... 191
      M. Nakamura, W. Kotemyama, and Y. Kyozuka

Negative Nonlinear Forces Acting on a Two-Dimensional Body
by Breaking Waves .............................................................................................................. 199
      I. H. Cho and H. S. Choi

HYDRODYNAMICS:  Vortex & Vibrations

Vortex Formation and Shedding around a Submerged Sphere
under Wave Action .............................................................................................................. 205
      K. Iwata and N. Mizutani

Finite-Difference Simulation of Vortex Motions around a Horizontal Cylinder
in Waves .............................................................................................................................. 213
      Y. G. Lee, H. Miyata, S. W. Hong, and K. J. Cho

Vortex Wake Flow of a Flat Plate in Steady, Oscillatory
and Combined Flows ............................................................................................................ 221
      G. Ling and C. Luo

A Performance Evaluation of Vortex-Induced Vibration Suppression Devices
for Marine Applications ....................................................................................................... 229
      J. H. Lee

Vibrations of the Flexible Cylindrical Structures in Water .................................................. 235
      N. G. Khrapaty and V. D. Cherevach

An Inverse Problem of the Lateral Natural Vibration of Risers .......................................... 243
      M. G. Sun

Nonlinear Motion Characteristics of a Long Vertical Cylinder ........................................... 247
      Y. C. Kim and P. M. Lee

HYDRODYNAMICS:  Motions & Chaos

Depth and Roll Controllable Towed Vehicle" Drake" for Ocean
Measurements ..................................................................................................................... 257
      W. Koterayama, M. Nakamura, Y. Kyozuka, M. Kashiwagi, and M. Ohkusu

Iceberg Drift Motions Near a Large Structure...................................................................... 265
      M. Isaacson and K. McTaggart

The Analysis of Wave-Induced Dynamics of Ocean Platforms
by Hybrid-Integral Equation Method ................................................................................... 271
      T. Matsui and K. Kato

Transient Surge Motion of a Moored Ship in Random Waves ............................................ 279
      Y. R. Choi and H. S. Choi

Dynamic Behavior of Submerged Tension-Moored Floating Structure
with Pressurized Air-Chamber and Wave Transformation ................................................. 287
      K. Iwata and D. S. Kim

Analysis of Motion Response of Offshore Petroleum Floating
Production Storage Offloading System ............................................................................... 295
      D. M. Lu and M. Zhiliang

Chaos in Simple Offshore Structural Analysis Models ........................................................ 305
      C. Y. Liaw and C. G. Koh

Dynamic Behaviors of Circular Flexible Floating Islands
Subjected to Seaquakes ....................................................................................................... 311
      Y. Tanaka, T. Hamamoto, and H. Kamura

A Synthetic Analysis of Impact Loading of Ships in Waves to Piers .................................... 319
      M. Gao, Y. Zhao, and G. Huang

Method of Offshore Stationary Platforms Dynamic Calculation
under the Action of Random Waves .................................................................................... 325
      I. sh. Khalfin

ICE-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS

The Structural Response to Cyclic Ice Force ....................................................................... 331
      V. S. Lyubimov, N. G. Khrapaty, and V. G. Zanegin

The Stochastic Model of Ice Force on Offshore Structure in Time Domain ....................... 335
      A. T. Bekker and A. N. Perepelitsa

A Study of Strudel Scours in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea ....................................................... 341
      J. L. Machemehl and C. H. Jo

Seasonal Variability of Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Sea Ice ............................. 345
      V. P. Gavrilo, G. A. Lebedev, V. I. Fedotov, and N. V. Cherepanov

Experimental Investigations of Ice Breaking by a Moving Load ......................................... 353
      V. Kozin and I. Novolodsky

Physical and Mechanical Properties Study of Flat Ice of the Okhotsk Sea  ....................... 359
      G. N. Evdokimov, S. I. Rogachko, and G. N. Smirnov

Ice Loads and the Ice Strength ............................................................................................ 365
      D. G. Matskevitch, G. V. Simakov, and K. N. Shkhinek

Proceedings of

the First (1990) Pacific/Asia

OFFSHORE MECHANICS

SYMPOSIUM

Volume III, 1990

______________________________________________________________

Mechanics and Applications

Materials/Technology

edited by

Yukio Ueda

Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Sae-Wook Oh

Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea

Rae Woong Chang

Research Institute of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea

presented at:

The First (1990) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium

Seoul, Korea, June 24-28, 1990

organized by:

The PACOMS '90 Symposium Organizing Committee

sponsored by:

Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering (KCORE)

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)

Offshore Mechanics and Polar Engineering Council (OMPEC)

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers

P.O. Box 1107 Golden, Colorado 80402-1107
　

Copyright © 1990 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,

Golden, Colorado, USA, All Rights Reserved.

International Standard Book Number (Vol. III)                   ISBN 0-9626104-3-7

ISBN 0-9626104-0-2 (set)

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:                      90-082039

The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or

presentations by the contributors to this symposium or proceedings.

Special Acknowledgements

The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, The Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, and The Korea

Traders Scholarship Foundation funded part of the expenses to publish these proceedings. The PACOMS '90 Symposium

Organizing Committee would like to express its sincerest gratitude to the foundations.

Printed and bound in Korea

CONTENTS

FATIGUE & FRACTURE

A Novel Fatigue Life Estimation Method of Great Water Depths
Structure Members Using Damage Mechanics ...................................................................... 1
      H. C. Fang and X. L. Jia

Application of FPFM to Fatigue Reliability Analysis of Offshore Structure ............................. 7
      H. C. Fang and G.M. Chen

Application of Multi-Notched Specimen to Fatigue Test Acceleration ................................. 13
      Y. Fujimoto, M. Iwata, and Y. Zheng

Influence of Welding Heat Input on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of
Offshore Structural Steels Welds .......................................................................................... 21
      R. W. Chang, Y. G. Kweon, and C. B. Lim

Fatigue Strength Properties of Underwater Welded Joints of
SM41A-2 Plate-to-Plate ......................................................................................................... 27
      S. K. Oh, K. W. Nam, and M. N. Kim

Performance of Prestressed Grouted Tubular Connections ................................................. 33
      James Foo E. K. and P. Grundy

Residual Stress Redistribution During Fatigue ...................................................................... 43
      Y. Lin and A. Abel

Effect of Compression Loads and Single Peak Compression Overloads
on Fatigue Behavior in 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy .................................................................. 51
      S. H. Kang, S. W. Oh, H. Ogiyama, and Y. Soyama

The Retardation of Fatigue Crack Growth and its Mechanisms
on 7075-T73 Aluminum Alloy ................................................................................................ 57
      J. K. Kim, B. H. Park, and D. S. Kim

Studied on the Behaviour of Duplex Steel in Sulphide Environment .................................... 63
      V. K. Tewari, S. Prakash, and K. L. Goyal

MATERIALS/TECHNOLOGY

Development of High Strength TMCP Steel Plates for Ship
and Offshore Structure .......................................................................................................... 69
      J. H. Eom, G. S. Kim, W. Y. Choo, R. W. Chang, J. K. Kwak, and S. C. Shin

A Study on the Cracking Susceptibility of a TMCP-z Steel
in the Thickness Direction ..................................................................................................... 79
      S. Y. You, H. T. Chung, and Y. S. Han

Effect of Toughness and HAZ Undermatching on Brittle Fracture of
Welded Joints in Stress Concentration .................................................................................. 87
      Y. Hagiwara and T. Inoue

Local Brittle Zones in HAZ of Offshore Structural Steels ...................................................... 95
      S. Aihara and K. Okamoto

Improvement of Weld Metal Toughness at Reheated Region.............................................. 103
      Y. Horii, S. Ohkita, and M. Wakabayasi

Significance of Locally Brittle Zones in Offshore Platform Steels ...................................... 109
      D. J. H. Corderoy, C. G. Chipperfield, P. Lawler, and A. K. Hellier

A Consideration on Acceptance Criteria of Fracture Toughness Testing ........................... 115
      S. Machida, H. Yoshinari, and D. S. Choi

Effect of Alloying Elements on Back Stress in the Creep Behavior of
12% Chromium Steel ........................................................................................................... 123
      Y. S. Chang and S. W. Oh

In-Situ Metallography and its Potential Application Underwater ....................................... 131
      S. Jana

Studies of the Spirally Reinforced Composite Material with the Hexagonal
Disposition of Structural Units ............................................................................................. 137
      J. V. Efremov and G. E. Freger

The Effect of Test Temperatures and Hardeners on the Tensile Fracture
Behavior of Center Notched CFRP ....................................................................................... 143
      Y. H. Kim, R. I. Murakami, T. Nonomura, H. Nisitani, and S. Okada

Analysis on Fatigue Fracture of Pitch Type CFRP by AE Method ........................................ 149
      R. I. Murakami, T. Adachi, K. Akizono, H. Nagata, and A. Hachiya

Explosive Welding of Pipes: Selection of Configuration and Parameters ........................... 155
      R. C. Gupta

Improving Arc Stability in Wet Underwater Welding ......................................................... 161
      R. C. Gupta and V. K. Gupta

Marine Growth Criteria for Offshore Platforms in India .................................................... 165
      P. Chakrabarti and A. Rikhy

The Development of Automatic Measurement System of Corrosion Fatigue
Crack Length and its Application to Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of
Weldments of High Strength Steel in Synthetic Seawater .................................................. 173
      R. I. Murakami and K. Yamasaki

Local Corrosion of High-Strength Steel Weldments of Icebreakers ................................... 179
      T. Inoue, T. Koseki, Y. Horii, and T. Tsuzuki

Localized Corrosion at Welds in Structural and Stainless Steel
under Marine Conditions (Part II - Effect of Heat Treatment) ........................................... 185
      Nabil M.A. Eid

Hydrogen Damage and Stress Corrosion Cracking of BS4360-50D Steel
in H₂S-saturated-HCl Solution .............................................................................................. 195
      S. W. Oh, J. C. Kim, T. H. Kim, and K. Y. Kim

The Effects of 3.5% NaCl Aqueous Solution Temperature
on the Corrosion Fatigue Fracture of Dual Phase Steel ...................................................... 201
      S. W. Oh, S. Y. Park, Y. M. Do, and Y. H. Yum

Corrosion Prevention in a Sub-Sea Wet Sour Gas Pipeline
- Some Design Aspects ......................................................................................................... 207
      R. Singh and A. Bhattacharya

A Study on the Formation of Corrosion-Resisting Metal Cementation Layer
on the Steel Surface Using the Arc-Spray Method .............................................................. 217
      M. K. Shin, Y. S. Kim, J. H. Oh, and M. S. Han

MECHANICS & APPLICATIONS

A Study on the Probabilistic Analysis of the Quasi-Static Strength
and the Natural Frequencies of Slender Offshore Structures ............................................. 223
      H. Okada and Y. Murotsu

A Method for Reliability Assessment of Aged Jacket Structures Based on
Ultimate Strength Analysis .................................................................................................. 229
      H. Okada and Y. Murotsu

Reliability of Anchor Pile of Offshore Guyed Tower ........................................................... 235
      C. S. Yoo and C. B. Yun

Reliability-Based Optimisation of Stiffened Cylinders ........................................................ 243
      J. S. Lee

Fuzzy Decision for Safety Assessment of Offshore Jacket Platforms .................................. 249
      S. P. Lin and X. F. Yang

Recent Progress in Stress Analysis of Tubular Joints of Offshore Platforms
in China ................................................................................................................................ 257
      T. Y. Chen

Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Tubular T, Y, K and Overlapped
K-Joints of Offshore Platforms ............................................................................................. 265
      T. Y. Chen and Z. H. Zhu

Stress Concentration in Internally Ring Stiffened Steel Tubular Joints
Used in Offshore Structures ................................................................................................ 273
      D. S. Ramachandra Murthy, A. G. Madhava Rao, P. Gandhi, P. K. Pant,
      and P. P. Sarkar

Parametric Equations to Predict the Full Stress Distribution
in Tubular Welded Y and T-Joints ........................................................................................ 281
      A. K. Hellier, M. P. Connolly, W. D. Dover, and D. J. H. Corderoy

Redundancy Considerations in Reliability-Based Structural Design..................................... 295
      J. S. Lee

Analysis for Carrying Capacity of a Cylindrical Shell Failure in Axisymmetry .................... 305
      Peilin Luo and Dexin Shi

Structural Damage Assessment of 180K ORE/BULK Carrier
under Bow Impact Load ....................................................................................................... 309
      K. T. Chung, Y. B. Kim, C. K. Kim, J. R. Son, and H. S. Kim

Modern Method of Ultimate Strength Analysis of Offshore Structures ............................. 315
      Y. Ueda and S. M. H. Rashed

Fundamental Study on Elastic Response of Offshore Structure under Collision:
Classification of Phenomena Based on Hierarchical Nature of Deformation .................... 329
      Y. Ueda, H. Murakawa, and D. Xiang

Predicting the Extent of Damage of Offshore Tubulars due to Collisions .......................... 337
      S. R. Cho and P. A. Frieze

Damage Characteristics of Offshore Tubular Members
under Accidental Collisions ................................................................................................. 347
      J. K. Paik, C. Y. Kim, and B. C. Shin

Load Carrying Capacity of Cracked Tubular Members
Considering Crack Growth ................................................................................................... 359
      T. Yao, M. Fujikubo, and Y. Zhao

Theoretical and Experimental Study for the Progressive Collapse Strength
Analysis of Tubular Offshore Structures .............................................................................. 367
      J. K. Paik and B. C. Shin

Superfinite Element Analysis of Offshore Jackets with Damaged
Tubular Members ................................................................................................................ 375
      K. Rajagopalan

Large Deformation Frame Analysis Using Discrete Elements ............................................ 381
      H. B. Harrison

Shear Strength of Composite Steel-Concrete Structure of
a Sandwich System .............................................................................................................. 391
      S. Iwata and M. Matsuishi

The Upper and Lower Limits of Buckling Pressure of Spherical-Cap
and Spherical Shell Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure ....................................................... 399
      P. Luo, H. Luo, and F. Tong

A FEM Analysis for Weight Reduction of Marine Valves .................................................... 403
      M. Ikai, I. Aya, and S. Amada

A New Approach for Bending of Axi-Symmetrically Loaded Circular Plates
Having Mixed Boundary Conditions .................................................................................... 409
      T. Mifune, R. Masuo, and M. Hamada

Experimental Study on an Oscillating Wing Propulsive Ship .............................................. 417
      M. Nagai, I. Teruya, and K. Isaka